Silver(II) oxide (AgO) submicron particle synthesis by chemical precipitation: impact of stabilizers on morphology and size distribution

چکیده مقاله

This study investigates the stabilization of silver(II) oxide (AgO) particles using four chemical stabilizers introduced at three distinct stages: before, during, and after the synthesis reaction. The influence of each stabilizer on the formation of AgO, using potassium persulfate as the oxidizing agent, was systematically examined. The resulting particles were characterized by X-ray diffraction (XRD) for phase identification and by scanning electron microscopy (SEM) to analyze their morphology. The findings indicate that achieving chemical stabilization of AgO particles is highly sensitive to the timing and type of stabilizer. The timing of stabilizer addition proved critical: introducing stabilizers prior to the reaction effectively prevented AgO formation. Moreover, for additions made during or post-reaction, all stabilizers except Sodium Dodecyl Sulfate (SDS) induced the formation of unwanted byproducts, which appeared either alongside or in place of the desired AgO phase. Among the twelve experimental conditions tested, the SDS stabilizer yielded the most favorable results when introduced during the reaction.